How can we learn more about molecular properties, functions, and interactions in living systems, so that we can develop life-inspired systems ourselves, for example?

We still do not understand how interactions between biomolecules can lead to living organisms. However, we do know that the molecules of life recognise each other, react with each other to form new molecules, interact with each other and form structures together through many complex processes. These molecular processes are essential for chemical reactions and for the proper functioning of two-part biological systems such as enzymes and substrates, viruses and their hosts, antigens and antibodies. Knowledge of such complex molecular systems and the ability to steer them in a desired direction provide starting points for addressing societal issues in the fields of environment, energy and health. Over the next decade, we face the challenge of controlling molecular self-assembly (spontaneous ordering). This can be done, for instance, by designing and assembling molecular motors, modelling biological systems, but also by designing dynamic biomaterials for tissue repair in the body, or by being able to control catalytic processes in living cells. Eventually, we may even be able to build artificial molecular systems and materials that can perform autonomous functions, generating a whole new chemical world.